World Lung Cancer Day is observed annually on August 1st to raise awareness about lung cancer and its impact on individuals and communities worldwide. World Lung Cancer Day’s theme for this year is “Close the Care Gap: Everyone Deserves Access to Cancer Care,” stressing the importance of ensuring that all individuals with cancer have equitable access to healthcare. Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide, accounting for 18 lakhs of patient mortality worldwide, i.e. 20% of total cancer mortality. It is also one of the common cancers in the Male population in developing countries.
History:
World Lung Cancer Day was established in 2012 by the Forum of International Respiratory Societies (FIRS), in partnership with the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) and the American College of Chest Physicians (CHEST). This day aims to raise awareness and educate the public about lung cancer, which continues to be one of the most prevalent and lethal cancers worldwide.
Credit: National Foundation for Cancer Research
Types:
Lung cancer is broadly classified into two main types based on the appearance of the cancer cells under a microscope:
- Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC): This is the most common type of lung cancer, accounting for about 85% of cases. NSCLC is further divided into several subtypes:
– Adenocarcinoma: The most common subtype, typically found in the outer parts of the lungs.
– Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Often linked to smoking, usually found in the central parts of the lungs.
– Large Cell Carcinoma: A less common subtype that can occur in any part of the lung and tends to grow and spread quickly.
- Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC): This type accounts for about 15% of lung cancers and is strongly associated with smoking. SCLC tends to grow and spread more rapidly than NSCLC and is often found in the central areas of the lungs.
Additionally, there are other, less common types of lung cancer, including:
- Lung Carcinoid Tumour:: These are rare and usually grow slowly. They account for fewer than 5% of lung cancer cases.
- Other Types: These include adenoid cystic carcinomas, lymphomas, and sarcomas, which are very rare forms of lung cancer.
Factors:
Lung cancer can be caused by various factors, including:
- Smoking: The primary cause of lung cancer, with tobacco smoke containing numerous carcinogens.
- Secondhand Smoke: Inhalation of smoke from others’ cigarettes, cigars, or pipes.
- Radon Exposure: A naturally occurring radioactive gas that can accumulate indoors.
- Asbestos Exposure: Inhalation of asbestos fibers, particularly in occupational settings.
- Air Pollution: Long-term exposure to polluted air, including fine particulate matter.
- Genetic Factors: A family history of lung cancer can increase the risk.
- Occupational Hazards: Exposure to carcinogens such as arsenic, chromium, nickel, and certain organic chemicals in the workplace.
- Radiation Therapy: Previous radiation therapy to the chest for other cancers.
- Personal History of Lung Disease: Diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and pulmonary fibrosis can increase risk.
Each of these factors can contribute to the development of lung cancer, often in combination with other risk factors.
Tips to help boost lung health:
1. Avoid smoking and stay away from secondhand smoke. Smoking is the leading cause of lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
2. Limit exposure to outdoor air pollution, industrial chemicals, and indoor pollutants. Use air purifiers and ensure proper ventilation in your home.
3. Engage in regular physical activity, such as walking, jogging, or swimming, to strengthen your lungs and improve overall respiratory function.
4. Consume a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains to support your immune system and lung health. Foods high in antioxidants, like berries and leafy greens, are particularly beneficial.
5. Incorporate deep breathing exercises into your daily routine to increase lung capacity and improve oxygen exchange.
6. Drink plenty of water to keep the mucosal linings in your lungs thin, which helps your lungs function better.
7. Ensure you are up-to-date with vaccinations, such as the flu vaccine and pneumonia vaccine, to protect against respiratory infections.
8. Being overweight can put extra strain on your lungs and make breathing more difficult. Aim for a healthy weight through a balanced diet and regular exercise.